Effects of the frequency and the rate of N enrichment on community structure in a temperate grassland

doi:10.1093/jpe/rtx041

J Plant Ecol ›› 2018, Vol. 11 ›› Issue (5): 685-695 .DOI: 10.1093/jpe/rtx041

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Effects of the frequency and the rate of N enrichment on community structure in a temperate grassland

Yunhai Zhang^1–3,†, Jing Wang^1,4,†, Carly J. Stevens², Xiaotao Lü^5,*, Nianpeng He⁶, Changhui Wang¹ and Xingguo Han^1,*

¹ State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 20 Nanxincun, Xiangshan, Beijing 100093, China
² Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, UK
³ Department of Agroecology, Aarhus University, Blichers Allé 20, Tjele 8830, Denmark
⁴ University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19 Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing 100049, China
⁵ Erguna Forest-Steppe Ecotone Research Station, CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 72 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang 110016, China
⁶ Synthesis Research Center of Chinese Ecosystem Research Network, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 11A, Datun Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, China

Received:2016-12-03 Revised:2017-06-29 Accepted:2017-07-13 Online:2017-07-19 Published:2018-09-27

Abstract

Abstract:

Aims

Nitrogen (N) enrichment caused by human activities threatens biodiversity and alters plant community composition and structure. It has been found that heavy and infrequent N inputs may over-estimate species extinction, but it remains unclear whether plant community structure will equally respond to frequent reactive N enriched conditions.

Methods

We independently manipulated the rates and the frequencies of N addition in a temperate steppe, northern China, between 2008 and 2013.

Important Findings

We found that plant community structure changes, measured by ‘Euclidean distance’ involving species richness, composition and productivity, were significantly positively related to increasing N enrichment rates rather than frequencies. Changes in aboveground net primary productivity (ANPP), plant species richness and shifts in dominant species were observed. Community ANPP increased with N enrichment, whereas species richness reduced. The frequency of N enrichment increased species richness but had no impacts on community ANPP and the relative ANPP of the two dominant species, C₃perennial bunchgrass Stipa grandis and C₃ perennial rhizome grass Leymus chinensis. The ANPP and relative ANPP of the two dominant species were significantly negatively correlated with each other. Moreover, changes in the relative ANPP of S. grandis was negatively associated with the changes in community structure. After 5 years’ treatment, direct influence of the frequency of N enrichment on plant community structure was not observed, but the effects of the rate of N enrichment were apparent. Our results suggested that further study in various ecosystems and with long-term and well-controlled comparisons the frequency vs. the rate of N enrichment may still be needed.

Key words: biodiversity, dominance effect, nitrogen addition frequency, nitrogen deposition, productivity

Yunhai Zhang, Jing Wang, Carly J Stevens, Xiaotao Lü, Nianpeng He, Changhui Wang, Xingguo Han . Effects of the frequency and the rate of N enrichment on community structure in a temperate grassland[J]. J Plant Ecol, 2018, 11(5): 685-695.

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Effects of the frequency and the rate of N enrichment on community structure in a temperate grassland

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