Patterns and ecological determinants of woody plant height in eastern Eurasia and its relation to primary productivity

doi:10.1093/jpe/rtz025

J Plant Ecol ›› 2019, Vol. 12 ›› Issue (5): 791-803 .DOI: 10.1093/jpe/rtz025

• Research Articles • Next Articles

Patterns and ecological determinants of woody plant height in eastern Eurasia and its relation to primary productivity

Zhiheng Wang^1,†,*, Yaoqi Li^1,2,†, Xiangyan Su¹, Shengli Tao³, Xiao Feng⁴, Qinggang Wang^1,5, Xiaoting Xu^1,6, Yunpeng Liu¹, Sean T. Michaletz^2,7,8, Nawal Shrestha¹, Markku Larjavaara¹, and Brian J. Enquist^2,9

¹ Institute of Ecology and Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
² Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
³ Laboratoire Évolution et Diversité Biologique (EDB) UMR 5174, 31062, Toulouse Cedex 9, France
⁴Institute of the Environment, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
⁵Department of Ecology, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
⁶Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, Sichuan, China
⁷Biosphere 2, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
⁸Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
⁹The Santa Fe Institute, Santa Fe, NM 87501, USA
^†These authors contributed equally.
^*Corresponding address. Institute of Ecology and Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China. E-mail:zhiheng.wang@pku.edu.cn

Received:2019-05-03 Accepted:2019-05-15 Published:2019-10-01

Abstract

Abstract:

Aims

Plant height is a key functional trait related to aboveground biomass, leaf photosynthesis and plant fitness. However, large-scale geographical patterns in community-average plant height (CAPH) of woody species and drivers of these patterns across different life forms remain hotly debated. Moreover, whether CAPH could be used as a predictor of ecosystem primary productivity is unknown.

Methods

We compiled mature height and distributions of 11 422 woody species in eastern Eurasia, and estimated geographic patterns in CAPH for different taxonomic groups and life forms. Then we evaluated the effects of environmental (including current climate and historical climate change since the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM)) and evolutionary factors on CAPH. Lastly, we compared the predictive power of CAPH on primary productivity with that of LiDAR-derived canopy-height data from a global survey.

Important Findings

Geographic patterns of CAPH and their drivers differed among taxonomic groups and life forms. The strongest predictor for CAPH of all woody species combined, angiosperms, all dicots and deciduous dicots was actual evapotranspiration, while temperature was the strongest predictor for CAPH of monocots and tree, shrub and evergreen dicots, and water availability for gymnosperms. Historical climate change since the LGM had only weak effects on CAPH. No phylogenetic signal was detected in family-wise average height, which was also unrelated to the tested environmental factors. Finally, we found a strong correlation between CAPH and ecosystem primary productivity. Primary productivity showed a weaker relationship with CAPH of the tallest species within a grid cell and no relationship with LiDAR-derived canopy height reported in the global survey. Our findings suggest that current climate rather than historical climate change and evolutionary history determine the geographical patterns in CAPH. However, the relative effects of climatic factors representing environmental energy and water availability on spatial variations of CAPH vary among plant life forms. Moreover, our results also suggest that CAPH can be used as a good predictor of ecosystem primary productivity.

Key words: annual evapotranspiration, ecosystem primary productivity, environmental factors, historical climate change, phylogenetic signals, community-average plant height, woody plants

Zhiheng Wang, Yaoqi Li, Xiangyan Su, Shengli Tao, Xiao Feng, Qinggang Wang, Xiaoting Xu, Yunpeng Liu, Sean T. Michaletz, Nawal Shrestha, Markku Larjavaara, and Brian J. Enquist. Patterns and ecological determinants of woody plant height in eastern Eurasia and its relation to primary productivity[J]. J Plant Ecol, 2019, 12(5): 791-803.

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Patterns and ecological determinants of woody plant height in eastern Eurasia and its relation to primary productivity

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