森林类型、环境与生物多样性如何共同塑造热带林下凋落物特征？

doi:10.1093/jpe/rtag141

森林类型、环境与生物多样性如何共同塑造热带林下凋落物特征？

收稿日期:2025-08-21 接受日期:2026-05-12

How do forest type, environment, and biodiversity jointly shape tropical understory litter characteristics?

Chuan Jin¹, Wanxin Yang¹, Heng Xie¹, Zijia Zhang^2,3*, Ruoyu Li¹, Meihua Yang¹, Weirong Zhang¹, Liucui Wu¹, Jinkai Chen¹, Zehao Fan¹, Cheng Yi¹, Peihong Song¹, and Zhongmin Hu¹

¹ Hainan Baoting Tropical Forest Ecosystem Observation and Research Station, School of Ecology, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
² Hainan Provincial Ecological and Environmental Monitoring Centre, Haikou 571126, China
³ Hainan Tropical Rainforest Station (Forest), Ecological Quality Comprehensive Monitoring Station, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Haikou 571126, China
^*Corresponding author.
E-mail address: zhangzijia@gmail.com (Zijia Zhang)

Received:2025-08-21 Accepted:2026-05-12
Supported by:
The study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. U23A2002; 32501470; 62472216), and the Hainan Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 425QN239; 423MS117; 423RC432).

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 凋落物是森林生态系统的关键组分，是植被与土壤之间的重要界面。然而，热带森林凋落物特征仍不够明晰，尤其在森林类型、环境因子与植物多样性的综合影响方面。本研究在典型热带地区海南岛选取包含天然林与人工林在内的80个样点，对凋落物特征进行了系统的野外调查。结果显示，相较于天然林，人工林凋落物含水量更低，但凋落物干生物量和凋落层厚度更高，该差异主要由经营强度而非林龄驱动。在地形差异方面，从平原、丘陵到山区，从坡下到坡顶，凋落物干生物量和凋落层厚度逐渐增加，含水量逐渐降低，凹坡的凋落物生物量明显高于凸坡，凸显了地形主导的环境条件对凋落物积累与空间再分配的作用。群落尺度分析表明，乔灌木物种丰富度等多样性指标对凋落物干生物量具有正向影响，而草本物种丰富度与凋落物含水量呈显著正相关。随机森林模型识别出环境因子（如年平均气温）是凋落物特征的首要决定因素，交互作用分析进一步揭示植被属性是最主要的生物中介因子，其交互贡献显著超过其单独重要性。这些结果强调了必须综合森林类型、环境与生物多样性及其复杂的交互作用，才能全面理解森林凋落物特征。

关键词: 热带森林, 凋落物特征, 环境变量, 地形, 经营强度, 生物多样性

Abstract: Litter is a key component of forest ecosystems, acting as a critical interface between vegetation and soil. However, the characteristics of litter in tropical forests remain insufficiently understood, particularly regarding the combined effects of forest type, environmental factors, and plant diversity. In this study, we conducted a comprehensive field investigation of litter characteristics across 80 sampling sites on Hainan Island, a typical tropical region in China, encompassing both natural forests and plantations. Our results showed that compared with natural forests, plantations had lower litter water content but higher litter dry biomass and greater litter layer thickness, a pattern driven primarily by management intensity rather than stand age. In terms of topographic variation, litter dry biomass and layer thickness increased and litter water content decreased toward mountainous terrain and slope tops, and concave slopes exhibited markedly higher litter mass than convex slopes, highlighting the role of terrain-determined environment in shaping litter accumulation and spatial redistribution. Community-scale analyses revealed that species richness and other α-diversity indices of trees and shrubs had positive effects on litter dry biomass, while herbaceous species richness was significantly positively correlated with litter water content. Random Forest models identified environmental factors (e.g. mean annual temperature) as primary determinants of litter characteristics, while SHAP interaction analyses further revealed vegetation attributes as the dominant biological mediators with interaction contributions significantly exceeding their individual importance. These findings underscore the necessity of integrating forest type, environment, and biodiversity, as well as their complex interactions, to fully understand litter characteristics in forests.

Key words: Tropical forest, Litter characteristics, Environmental drivers, Topography, Management intensity, Biodiversity

. 森林类型、环境与生物多样性如何共同塑造热带林下凋落物特征？[J]. Journal of Plant Ecology, DOI: 10.1093/jpe/rtag141.

Chuan Jin, Wanxin Yang, Heng Xie, Zijia Zhang, Ruoyu Li, Meihua Yang, Weirong Zhang, Liucui Wu, Jinkai Chen, Zehao Fan, Cheng Yi, Peihong Song, Zhongmin Hu. How do forest type, environment, and biodiversity jointly shape tropical understory litter characteristics?[J]. J Plant Ecol, DOI: 10.1093/jpe/rtag141.

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