间作提升了整体土壤多功能性并缓冲了亚表层土壤的功能衰退

doi:10.1093/jpe/rtag099

间作提升了整体土壤多功能性并缓冲了亚表层土壤的功能衰退

收稿日期:2026-01-14 接受日期:2026-04-28

Intercropping enhances overall soil multifunctionality and buffers functional decline in subsoil

Wanjie Chen ^1# Xingyue Li ^2#, Fengyan Yi ², Chengyu Guo ², Jie Yu ³, Xiaohong Yan ³, Ruxue He ², Yu Wang ², Yansong Gou ², Haijun Ding ^2*

¹ Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Grassland Ecology, School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, China
² Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Hohhot 010031, China
³ Institute of Grassland Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hohhot, 010010, China
^#These authors contributed equally to this work.
^*Corresponding author:Prof. Haijun Ding, Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Hohhot 010031, China E-mail: dinghaijun99@163.com

Received:2026-01-14 Accepted:2026-04-28
Supported by:
This study was supported by the Science and Technology Major Project of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region (Open Competition Program) (Grant No. under Grant (2022JBGS00400204) and the Postdoctoral Fellowship Program of China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (GZC20251663).

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 豆科-禾本科间作是农业可持续集约化的重要范式；然而，驱动该系统下土壤多功能性的生物学机制仍不明确。本研究探究了燕麦-箭筈豌豆间作系统中，表层与亚表层土壤多功能性的响应特征。结果表明，间作不仅显著提升了土壤多功能性，更是缓冲单作系统亚表层土壤功能急剧衰退的关键策略。值得注意的是，单作系统下土壤多功能性随深度增加（从表层到亚表层）呈现急剧的垂直下降趋势（降幅>86%），而间作则将这一降幅显著降至66%。随机森林分析表明，可溶性有机碳是预测土壤多功能性的首要非生物因子。在生物学机制上，这种功能的提升并非仅仅受真菌丰富度变化的驱动，而是源于真菌群落结构的变化，具体表现为腐生菌与病原菌比值的显著提高。结构方程模型进一步解析了两条截然不同的机制路径：种植模式通过增加可溶性有机碳含量提升了土壤多功能性，并借助宿主选择效应重塑了真菌群落结构；相反，土壤深度则通过环境过滤作用限制了真菌多样性，从而制约了土壤多功能性。上述发现揭示了由根系来源的活性碳驱动功能性真菌群落演替的内在机制。综上所述，在禾本科作物种植系统中引入箭筈豌豆，能够通过丰富活性碳库并优化土壤微生物的结构组成，有效缓解亚表层土壤的功能退化。

关键词: 豆科-禾本科间作, 土壤多功能性, 可溶性有机碳, 真菌群落结构, 腐生菌与病原菌比例, 亚表层土壤功能

Abstract: Legume-cereal intercropping represents a key paradigm for sustainable agricultural intensification; however, the biological mechanisms driving soil multifunctionality (SMF) under these systems remain elusive. Here, we investigated SMF responses to an oat-vetch intercropping system across topsoil and subsoil profiles. Our results indicate that intercropping significantly enhanced SMF and functioned as a crucial strategy to buffer the precipitous functional decline typically observed in monoculture subsoils. Notably, while monoculture systems exhibited a sharp vertical decline in SMF (>86%) from topsoil to subsoil, intercropping significantly mitigated this reduction to 66%. Random Forest analysis identified dissolved organic carbon (DOC) as the primary abiotic predictor of SMF. Biologically, this functional enhancement was driven not merely by changes in fungal richness, but by the optimization of the fungal community structure, specifically toward a higher saprotroph-to-pathogen ratio. Structural Equation Modeling further disentangled two distinct mechanistic pathways: planting patterns stimulated SMF by increasing DOC, which reshaped the fungal community structure via host selection; conversely, soil depth constrained SMF by limiting fungal diversity through environmental filtering. These findings highlight a mechanism wherein root-derived labile carbon drives functional fungal succession. We conclude that incorporating vetch into cereal cropping systems effectively mitigates subsoil functional degradation by enriching labile carbon pools and optimizing the structural composition of the soil microbiome.

Key words: Legume-cereal intercropping, soil multifunctionality, dissolved organic carbon, fungal community structure, saprotroph to pathogen ratio, subsoil functionality

. 间作提升了整体土壤多功能性并缓冲了亚表层土壤的功能衰退[J]. Journal of Plant Ecology, DOI: 10.1093/jpe/rtag099.

Wanjie Chen, Xingyue Li, Fengyan Yi, Chengyu Guo, Jie Yu, Xiaohong Yan, Ruxue He, Yu Wang, Yansong Gou, Haijun Ding. Intercropping enhances overall soil multifunctionality and buffers functional decline in subsoil[J]. J Plant Ecol, DOI: 10.1093/jpe/rtag099.